More information. The following Apache logs shows the difference between the Japanese and English version of attempts to download the same file.
=== Link to a file ===
== Japanese Windows with IE6 == FAIL
61.213.107.16 - - [07/Mar/2008:20:38:32 +0900] "GET /mod/resource/view.php?id=368 HTTP/1.1" 303 302 "http://18demo.manabu3.com/course/view.php?id=56" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)"
61.213.107.16 - - [07/Mar/2008:20:38:32 +0900] "GET /file.php/56/moddata/assignment/82/36/QA\xe7\xae\xa1\xe7\x90\x81Exls HTTP/1.1" 404 4184 "http://18demo.manabu3.com/course/view.php?id=56" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)"
== Englsh Windows with IE6 ==
61.213.107.16 - - [07/Mar/2008:20:39:02 +0900] "GET /mod/resource/view.php?id=368 HTTP/1.1" 303 302 "http://18demo.manabu3.com/course/view.php?id=56" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)"
61.213.107.16 - - [07/Mar/2008:20:39:02 +0900] "GET /file.php/56/moddata/assignment/82/36/QA\xe7\xae\xa1\xe7\x90\x86.xls HTTP/1.1" 200 13824 "http://18demo.manabu3.com/course/view.php?id=56" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)"
=== Advanced file upload Assignment ===
== Japanese Windows with IE6 == FAIL
61.213.107.16 - - [07/Mar/2008:20:44:08 +0900] "GET /file.php?file=/56/moddata/assignment/82/36/QA\xe7\xae\xa1\xe7\x90\x81Exls HTTP/1.1" 404 4111 "http://18demo.manabu3.com/mod/assignment/view.php?id=365" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)"
== Englsh Windows with IE6 ==
61.213.107.16 - - [07/Mar/2008:20:45:13 +0900] "GET /file.php?file=/56/moddata/assignment/82/36/QA\xe7\xae\xa1\xe7\x90\x86.xls HTTP/1.1" 200 13824 "http://18demo.manabu3.com/mod/assignment/view.php?id=365" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)"
=== Single File upload Assignment ===
== Japanese Windows with IE6 == SUCCESS
61.213.107.16 - - [07/Mar/2008:20:46:06 +0900] "GET /file.php/56/moddata/assignment/81/36/QA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86.xls HTTP/1.1" 200 13824 "http://18demo.manabu3.com/mod/assignment/view.php?id=364" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)"
== Englsh Windows with IE6 ==
61.213.107.16 - - [07/Mar/2008:20:46:42 +0900] "GET /file.php/56/moddata/assignment/81/36/QA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86.xls HTTP/1.1" 200 13824 "http://18demo.manabu3.com/mod/assignment/view.php?id=364" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)"
Mat, this needs some checking and thinking to make sure it doesn't affect other browsers / languages etc