justification for checking in: well I thought I could get away with it because it was a bugfix imo, just on the ground of consistency, and there's really very little chance of problem from that change - safest to always use require_once even if you think it wouldn't happen again. there were only those like 10 places in the whole code. admittedly it is trivial though so this is sketchy.
real reason is obviously a local issue in that we want to avoid diffs, but I thought the justification above was just about reasonable, it's really not a very major change and [at least in some of those files which we do use] it's pretty well-tested because we are running it live right now...
We need it to not do that because we have a really useful admin-only script for analysing db performance on live server - basically you call this script, give it the url of a page you want to view, and it shows you that page but with $db->debug turned on. (Our db->debug shows time in milliseconds for each query too, can't remember if we already added that to core.) At times we see really different db performance on live vs acct systems so being able to check performance live is important. Anyhow, this script needs to do require_once config.php itself, and config.php breaks horribly if it is required twice.
Committed in HEAD, will commit in MOODLE_19 tomorrow as today is freeze day.