Setup: Create COURSE1 with default settings Add an assignment 'Assign 1' with default settings Create COURSE2 with default settings Add an assignment 'Assign 2' with default settings VERIFY: Examine the database and ensure the grade items exist, and both have the same sort order in different courses. e.g: SELECT id, itemname, courseid, sortorder FROM mdl_grade_items WHERE itemname LIKE 'Assign%' ORDER BY sortorder, courseid;   id | itemname | courseid | sortorder ----+----------+----------+----------- 4 | Assign 1 | 2 | 2 2 | Assign 2 | 3 | 2 Attempt to create duplicates through import: Go to COURSE1 Select import, choose COURSE2 Choose ONLY to import ASSIGNCOURSE2 VERIFY: Examine the database and ensure the grade items that are imported don't have duplicate sortorder and courseids: SELECT id, itemname, courseid, sortorder FROM mdl_grade_items WHERE itemname like 'Assign%' ORDER BY sortorder, courseid ; id | itemname | courseid | sortorder ----+----------+----------+----------- 4 | Assign 1 | 2 | 2 2 | Assign 2 | 3 | 2 7 | Assign 2 | 2 | 4 (3 rows) Go to Grades > Categories and items > Simple view and ensure that the grade items for the two assignments appear Backup/Restore test: Backup a course with numerous activities and grade items VERIFY: it restores without problem. phpunit: run phpunit lib/grade/tests/grade_item_test.php