Update password hashing to something more secure eg SHA-256

This is broadly very similar to MDL-36057 where we updated from md5 to password_hash() which uses bcrypt (blowfish), here we want to upgrade from blowfish to something which is more modern and approved by various gov agencies, eg SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512:

https://www.cyber.gov.au/ism/guidelines-using-cryptography

 

 

Also as part of this we should update the password history tracking in a way that either uses the same more secure hash, or treats this more as a checksum rather than a hash as we only need to look for collisions and a false positive here doesn't matter (unlike a real password check).

https://github.com/moodle/moodle/blob/master/user/lib.php#L1011-L1024